找回密码
 立即注册
楼主: atcoolman

The Real Warren Buffett - 巴菲特每周新闻专贴

[复制链接]
 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-5 21:39:02 | 显示全部楼层

华尔街日报和晨星合手推出的那份报告,因无华尔街日报阅读权限,也就无从看到,不过在网上看到一位个人金融专栏女作家的相关评论,涉及到一些数据比较,转过来给大家参考一下:


The ETF/Index Fund Debate
Friday, May 25th, 2007 at 6:58 am

This week in Yahoo I wrote about mutual fund fees, and how they can drag on your investment returns over time. I wanted to go into more depth here about an issue I mentioned in the column ? ETFs versus traditional index funds.

I own an exchange-traded fund and an index funds that both benchmark the S&P 500. I bought the index fund before ETFs became popular, and have hung onto it, since it’s a long-term investment for my kids’ college expenses. I invested in the ETF because the fees related to owning it were miniscule, even lower than the index fund, which was pretty cheap.

Since they’re both benchmarking the same index, and one has lower fees, the ETF should produce better investment returns. But a new study by the Wall Street Journal and Morningstar found that’s not the case. “Ultra-low-cost conventional index funds outperform ETFs a lot more often than not,” the Journal found. Here’s the link, but you need a subscription to view the story.

ETFs are similar to index funds ? both track the performance of specific market indexes ? except ETFs trade like stocks on a stock exchange. Mutual funds are priced just once a day, when markets close at 4pm EST. ETFs often claim to be more tax-efficient than mutual funds, and do have much lower fees than conventional mutual funds. But you can’t dollar-cost-average (invest a little bits of money on a regular basis) into an ETF, because the brokerage fees will offset your gains.

The Journal says ETFs are catching on with individual investors. The two largest issuers, Barclay’s Global Investors and State Street Global Advisors, say about half of U.S. ETFs that they manage are in individual accounts.

I maintain a small E*Trade account in which I trade ETFs for fun. Over the years, I’ve owned QQQQ (which tracks the Nasdaq); IWN (a small-cap ETF that tracks the Russell 2000); EFA (an international ETF that tracks developed markets like Europe, Australia and Hong Kong); IYZ (tracks telecom stocks); ICF (a REIT ICF managed by Cohen & Steers) and IBB (tracks biotech stocks), among others. I generally buy them when a sector is out of favor and sell them when they hit my target. I like them because buying an ETF is less risky than investing in just one or two companies in a specific sector. Some I’ve held onto for a year or two before I sold them; others for a few months.

The Journal compared returns of ETFs with those of conventional index funds, asking Morningstar to crunch performance data back to 1997 for some of the biggest and best-known ETFs and index funds in each of four categories: the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index, the total U.S. stock market, international stock markets and a broad-based U.S. bond index. They also examined after-tax performance data that fund companies are required to disclose.

The conclusion: Big, low-cost index funds from Fidelity Investments and Vanguard Group outperformed the ETFs in most of the comparisons the Journal did. For the 40 time periods studied, the mutual funds won the race in 34 ? including a sweep of the one-, three-, and 10-year after-tax categories.

The Journal says the results seem surprising since ETFs heavily promote their tax advantages. But only one ETF, Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF, got a spot in the Journal’s after-tax winners’ circle, in a tie with two index funds for the best five-year annualized result ? 7.26%.

Moreover, the index mutual funds still ruled, even when returns were calculated without using the fund’s elite share classes, which carry lower fees than non-elite shares. Conventional funds still won about three quarters of the contests.

Granted, the difference between the mutual fund winner and ETF loser was often small ? about 0.05 percentage points. But over time, that can add up. An investor who puts $250,000 into one of the lowest-cost S&P 500 funds would have $4,877,444 in 30 years, assuming a 10.5% gross return each year (in line with the broader market’s historical average), the Journal reports. On the other hand, if the fund returns 10.45% a year, the investor would end up with $4,811,615, about $66,000 less.

Would that we all had $250,000 laying around to throw into an index fund.

[此帖子已被 atcoolman 在 2009-1-5 21:42:56 编辑过]
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-7 00:53:02 | 显示全部楼层

呵呵,看到论坛中突然掀起一轮对经济学家们的批评热潮,今天在这个专贴中也凑个热闹。介绍一下一本关于约翰?梅纳德?凯恩斯和市场的新书,盖因研究巴老,这位在上个世纪三十年代经济大萧条中声名大噪的经济学家总是常常被提及,其投资思想和业绩也常常为人赞叹。且看看这本书的简介:


How the World's Greatest Economist Overturned Conventional Wisdom and Made a Fortune on the Stock Market
Mon Jan 5, 2009 6:30am EST

DUBLIN, Ireland--(Business Wire)--
Research and Markets(
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/9c206a/keynes_and_the_mar) has announced the addition of John Wiley and Sons Ltd's new report "Keynes and the Market: How the World's Greatest Economist Overturned Conventional Wisdom and Made a Fortune on the Stock Market" to their offering.

One of the most influential and unexpected economic luminaries of his time and the original value investor, John Maynard Keynes was a British economist whose ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments' fiscal policies. Keynes explored new economic thoughts through speculating heavily in foreign markets and becoming one of the first proponents of investing in common stocks. Keynes was a world-changing economist who, almost uniquely among his professional brethren, also mastered the financial markets in practice. His theories uncannily prefigure those of Warren Buffett and other well-known value investors. He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to aim to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions,
depressions, and books. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics.

This book sheds new light on both the personal and professional aspects of Keynes' life that helped shape his economic theories, and in turn, those of today's financial leaders by outlining Keynes' 6 key investment principles.

John Maynard Keynes was the world-changing English economist whose theories dragged the Western world from the doldrums of the Great Depression. A many-sided figure in addition to his contributions to economics he was a best-selling author, a Baron in the House of Lords, and a key member of Virginia Woolf's celebrated Bloomsbury Group. Keynes was also one of the few men to master the financial markets in practice as well as in theory. Over the course of his investment career Keynes net worth swelled to the present-day equivalent of $30 million and the college endowment fund under his management vastly outperformed the broader market.

In KEYNES AND THE MARKET, Justyn Walsh examines the secrets behind Keynes incredible stock market success. A determined foe of conventional wisdom in all spheres of his life, Keynes unorthodox approach anticipated the investment philosophies of some of the worlds most successful investors, including the legendary Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway. Keynes six key investment principles, developed in the wake of one of the greatest financial crisis in history, represent a straightforward and time-tested system for exploiting the periodic irrationality of financial markets. Amid the current market turmoil and wild swings in investor sentiment, Keynes' observations on stock market behavior are more relevant than ever.

KEYNES AND THE MARKET explores what the modern masters of the market have absorbed from Keynes, and reveals how the everyday investor can profit from the stock market techniques of one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century.

Key Topics Covered:

Introduction.

* The Apostle Maynard.
* Citizen Keynes.
* Snap, Old Maid, and Musical Chairs.
* The Reckoning.
* Raising a Dust.
* Animal Spirits.
* Game Players.
* Searching for Stunners.
* Safety First.
* Leaning Into the Wind.
* Being Quiet.
* Eggs in One Basket.
* A Sense of Proportion.
* Post Mortem.

For more information visit
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/9c206a/keynes_and_the_mar

Research and Markets
Laura Wood
Senior Manager
press@researchandmarkets.com
Fax from USA: 646-607-1907
Fax from rest of the world: +353-1-481-1716

Copyright Business Wire 2009

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-4 13:53:43 | 显示全部楼层

谢谢yywl的信息和评论,希望更多的朋友参与。

今天转一篇美国MarketWatch的文章,回顾巴老在08年是如何挥舞其金钱大棒,将过二百亿美金换成各项证券的:


Buffett put $20 bln to work amid market panic
Moves suggest Berkshire chairman is bullish over the long term
By Alistair Barr, MarketWatch
Last update: 5:47 p.m. EST Jan. 2, 2009

SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- While most investors panicked or were forced to sell, Berkshire Hathaway Chairman Warren Buffett put more than $20 billion to work last year, positioning his insurance-focused conglomerate to profit if the economy and markets recover in coming years.


As 2008 began, Berkshire (BRKA: 99,990.00, +3390.00, +3.5%) (BRKB: 3,323.00, +109.00, +3.4%) had more than $44 billion in cash, partly because Buffett had struggled to find attractively priced investments and acquisitions in recent years. The biggest recent acquisition had been Berkshire's purchase of 80% of Israeli metal-cutting-tool maker Iscar Metalworking Cos. for $4 billion in 2006.

But he topped that several times during the past year. By the end of September, Berkshire held $33.4 billion in cash.

In March, Berkshire bought 60% of Marmon Holdings for $4.5 billion. In July, it invested $3 billion in Dow Chemical (DOW:15.41, +0.32, +2.1%) convertible preferred stock. Another $6.3 billion went into subordinated notes and preferred shares of Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co.

Berkshire also offered to acquire Constellation Energy (CEG:25.92, +0.83, +3.3%) for about $4.7 billion and invested $1 billion in the company's convertible debt. Deep in the midst of the financial crisis, Buffett bought $8 billion of preferred stock in General Electric (GE: 17.07, +0.87, +5.4%) and Goldman Sachs (GS: 86.76, +86.76, 0.0%) .

Berkshire also boosted some of its equity holdings in companies like ConocoPhillips (COP: 54.85, +54.85, 0.0%) , Burlington Northern (BNI:78.45, +2.74, +3.6%) and U.S. Bancorp (USB: 25.25, +25.25, 0.0%) .

"He hadn't really added to his stock-market investments in the previous decade, which shows remarkable restraint," said Mark Sellers, managing partners of hedge fund Sellers Capital LLC. "He was a bomb waiting to explode -- as soon as stocks got cheap, he immediately released."

Buffett is considered one of the world's best investors, so when he puts this much money to work, other investors take note and sometimes follow his lead.

"He's in a different position, but individuals with long-term investment horizons can take guidance from him," said Justin Fuller, a partner at Midway Capital Research & Management and editor of the Web site Buffettologist.com. "While everyone's been screaming and running for cash, he's been planting great investment seeds for the next 10 to 15 years."

Buffett is able to gauge investment success over many years, while other investors, such as hedge funds, are judged over shorter periods, giving the Berkshire chairman a "huge advantage," Fuller noted.

Indeed, Buffett sounded bullish about the long-term outlook for the U.S. economy, but bearish in the short term, during an interview with Fox Business News in late November. "I'm not worried about how we come out in the end," he said. "I mean, I'm not worried about five years from now. Five months from now could be very painful."

Berkshire shares fall

The financial crisis gave Buffett many more opportunities to invest, but it also hit shares of Berkshire hard, pushing the Class A stock down more than 30% in 2008.

Many of the businesses Berkshire owns are related to the housing industry, such as HomeServices of America, Clayton Homes and Shaw Industries, so the company has suffered from the slumps in residential real estate and in home building.


'[Buffett] was a bomb waiting to explode -- as soon as stocks got cheap, he immediately released.'

? Mark Sellers, Sellers Capital

But a more likely reason for the drop in Berkshire stock was that the company was swept up in a general rush for cash among investors, especially those being forced to sell positions to return money to clients, according to Fuller.

"People were looking around for what they could sell to meet redemptions and Berkshire had held up relatively well for most of the year, so it was a good candidate," he explained.

At the height of the crisis in late November, Berkshire's Class A shares dropped as low as $74,100. They've recovered to $99,990 but remain well below the record high of more than $150,000 reached in late 2007.

"When the stock rose past $100,000, there was a lot of attention," Fuller said. "But now you can buy the stock for less than that and the company is worth more, given the additional businesses it owns and the cash it still has."

Fuller doesn't personally own Berkshire shares, but Midway Capital holds Berkshire shares for the firm's clients.

Good, not great

Another concern may be that Buffett moved too quickly to invest in companies like General Electric and Goldman Sachs, according to Sellers.

On Sept. 23, Berkshire agreed to invest $5 billion in perpetual preferred stock issued by Goldman. Buffett also got warrants to purchase $5 billion of Goldman common stock with a strike price of $115 a share.

Goldman shares have dropped more than 30% since then. The stock now trades below $90.

General Electric shares have also lost roughly 30% since Berkshire invested in a similar deal at the start of October.
"He may have jumped a little quickly," Sellers said. "General Electric and Goldman were good deals, not great deals."

Still, Buffett's restraint over the previous decade shows, according to Sellers, why "he's the greatest investor of all time."

Alistair Barr is a reporter for MarketWatch in San Francisco.

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-10 00:14:00 | 显示全部楼层

这几天国内有人读了巴老新传,开始发表读后感了。巴老的儿时品行不端的叛逆少年形象显然成为了一个卖点,但他却忘了提提书中同样涉及到的巴老生意上亲密伙伴查理?芒格,而后者比前者更骄傲,其行为似有过之而无不及 - "Warrn had borne the indignities of childhood with only brief rebellion before learning to hide his misery and adopt artful strategies to cope. Too pround to submit, Charlie suffered through the woes of youth by employing his talent for wounding sarcasm......"。不管怎样,有人写了,总是值得一读的:


巴菲特 从不良少年到股神
发布时间: 2009年01月07日 13:37 来源:《投资有道》 
  

  文:顾冰 设计:黄萍丽

  今天的巴菲特名满全球,其上镜形象慈祥和蔼、循循善诱,而其捐出自己财富的85%的行为,也奠定其史上最慷慨的慈善家形象。似乎很难想象,在几十年前,股神却曾是个爱钱如命、锱铢必较、个性叛逆的不良少年。

  尽管贵为世界首富,巴菲特身上总笼罩着一层神秘色彩,他几乎是世界上最后一位商界偶像,乃至“奥马哈先知”。巴菲特的成就,全靠在市场上进行低风险的投资,但他获得的报酬却远高于市场的平均报酬率。过去30年来,旗下的伯克希尔?哈撒韦公司(NYSE:BRK.A)股票的投资报酬率平均每年超过20%,每股市值从13美元上升到12月19日的9.78万美元,成为全球最昂贵的股票。“股神”美誉,堪称实至名归。

  但我们又真正了解巴菲特多少呢?

  巴菲特爱秀,每年都会召开嘉年华式的股东大会,像个大明星般闪亮登场;但他本质上又是个害羞的人,不擅言词,没有自信;他也是非常感性的人,对家人和朋友非常忠实;但在生意场上,他又会硬心肠、很冷酷,很会杀价,甚至连他的姐姐破产,他都拒绝伸出援手。

  纵观巴菲特所做的一切投资行为,几乎是一般人都可以模仿得来的。但他的过人之处,就在于他那与众不同的心性特质。

  股神的前身

  今天的巴菲特名满全球,其上镜形象慈祥和蔼、循循善诱,而其捐出自己财富的85%的行为,也奠定其史上最慷慨的慈善家形象。似乎很难想象,在几十年前,股神却曾是个爱钱如命、锱铢必较、个性叛逆的不良少年。“巴菲特如果望着北斗七星,他看见的会是一个钱的符号,”《滚雪球》作者艾丽斯.施洛德(Alice Schroeder)曾这样打趣地说。

  因为喜欢赚钱,巴菲特自六岁那年便开始兜售口香糖、可乐,他便不断发掘各种可能赚钱的工作来累积财富。

  但在读书期间,会赚钱乃至“抠门”并不能赢得同学的尊敬。巴菲特体育成绩欠佳,除了在数学课上可展现其对数字的出众才华外,内向的巴菲特始终找不到一个证实自己的好方法。而在其12岁那年冬天,巴菲特举家迁往华盛顿特区。离开从小长大的故乡,害羞、内向的巴菲特,遇到了大麻烦。加上正逢青春期的叛逆,巴菲特开始以各种极端的方法来证实自己。

  《滚雪球》中,巴菲特曾这样形容自己:“我没了旧朋友,又交不到新朋友,……我运动神经不太发达,没有融入团体的门票。”他虽然参加了棒球队和足球队,但因为他戴眼镜,又不喜欢野蛮的碰撞,所以混得不怎么样。于是巴菲特的成绩从刚开始时的B和C,逐渐变成了“满江红”,唯一特别的是打字课成绩很高。

  到了中学二、三年级的时候,巴菲特甚至和同学开始偷东西。他们会到城里的席尔斯百货(Sears),“我们就明目张胆的在那里偷了起来,会偷我们完全不需要的东西,”巴菲特说。他偷了一大堆用不着的高尔夫球,一直放在抽屉里,从来没用过,也没拿出去卖。在那段时间,偷窃、说谎、恶作剧,乃至唆使同学光着身体在高尔夫球场池塘里游泳,种种劣迹,巴菲特样样都来。

  据巴菲特说,后来是《卡内基沟通与人际关系》改变了年少时的他。他兴奋地发现卡内基讲的东西是对的,这本书可帮助他“很快、而且很容易交到新朋友”,并“受人欢迎”。从此他待人真诚、与人为善,越来越多人开始喜欢跟他相处。

  由此,巴菲特踏上了从不良少年到股神的发展之路。

  股神的智慧

  俗话说“三岁看大,七岁看老”,这话用在巴菲特身上绝对没错。

  1930年出生的巴菲特,从小便遗传母亲的数学天分,对数字抱有高度兴趣,甚至还曾研究过每个英文字母在《圣经》和报纸上出现的频率。巴菲特拥有一目十行、过目不忘的神奇记忆力,小学五年级那年,巴菲特就曾背诵1939年版《世界年鉴》,能一一背出每个城市的人口数。

  巴菲特7岁时,就已经开始阅读有关债券市场的书籍,10岁就开始逐渐“复利”概念。在思忖体重计的价值时,巴菲特表示:“我买一个体重计,并用利润买更多体重计。不久我就会拥有20台体重计,并且每个人每天都将称重50次。我想??财富也是如此。利润的累加??还有什么比这更加美妙的事呢?”

  1942年春天,12岁的巴菲特和姐姐Doris合资以每股38.5美元买进3股“城市服务”优先股,但此后便一路下跌到27美元,Doris每天上学的路上都会“提醒”巴菲特,股票被套牢了,巴菲特觉得自己压力好大。于是当股价后来回升到40美元时,就迫不及待全部卖掉,获利了结。但卖出之后,这支股票却一路飙到每股202美元。

  由此,巴菲特学到了投资的第一堂课:不要过分重视买价;第二,绝对不要不加思考,看到眼前小利就落袋为安;第三,如果不能确定自己一定成功,就不要随便跟别人合伙投资。

  21岁时,巴菲特开始发挥侦探般的精神研究股票,巴菲特一页一页地仔细翻看穆迪(Moody's)手册。将一万页的穆迪工业、运输、银行与金融手册翻看了两遍,每一家企业他都没有放过??虽然有些公司他只是一扫而过。而这也奠定了巴菲特成功的另一关键所在:“比其它人拥有更多信息??然后正确地分析,合理地运用”。

  通过查阅大量公司资料,巴菲特找到了一家叫做Union Street Railway的公司。根据巴菲特的计算,这家公司拥有160辆巴士、一个游乐园、为数众多的美国政府债,还有大把大把的现金在手。“大约每股拥有60美元的现金”,但股价却只要30到35美元。为了更深入了解,巴菲特还特地早上4点便起床,从纽约开车前往麻州拜访。

  这奠定了笔成功的投资,这笔交易替当时25岁的巴菲特赚进了两万美金,几乎赚了一倍的利润。

  真实巴菲特

  在商业判断、投资方面,巴菲特从不怀疑自己,但是在其它方面,比如人们是不是喜欢他,他在人们心目中是怎么样的,他却喜欢怀疑自己。他对别人的批评很敏感,也经常谴责自己。

  除了投资,巴菲特几乎乏善可陈;在谈恋爱时缺乏自信,其未来的妻子苏珊总跟别的男生出去,而他只好和老丈人“调情”,按照施洛德的说法,这位未来岳父很喜欢巴菲特,“他没有儿子,他把沃伦视为泡泡糖之后最棒的东西。”

  而巴菲特最大的失败也是因为苏珊,在取得金钱上的成功后,这位几乎将全部时间贡献给工作的中年男人却没料到,一直在背后支持着他的妻子,竟然会下定决心要离开他。

  对巴菲特来说,苏珊离开他这件事,是无法理解的,在他的心中,她的妻子为他而活。在一切的努力都徒劳无功后,巴菲特开始无意义的在房子里踱步,忘了吃饭,也不懂得好好穿衣。每天他去办公室上班,都带着剧烈的头痛。

  巴菲特是那种没有女人照料,就不懂得穿衣吃饭的人,苏珊怕自己离开之后,巴菲特没有人照料,甚至找了与她熟识的餐厅女招待曼克斯(后来成为巴菲特的妻子),请她偶尔去巴菲特家,为他做一顿饭。当曼克斯到达巴菲特的家时,她看到一个堆满书报与年报的“洞穴”。当时他的情况寂寞而悲惨,就宛如是个11岁的男孩。

  巴菲特还缺乏审美观,施洛德曾讲过这样一个笑话,“他连自己家卧室是什么颜色的都不知道。有一次,我问他我的头发是什么颜色的。实际上我的头发是金色的。他停了好久才说,‘不是黑的’。”

  似乎巴菲特的生活中还缺少些“情趣”,熟知巴菲特的人总将其称为“习惯的产物”,由于习惯的力量,巴菲特能每天工作9个小时,然后回家吃一顿简简单单的饭??通常就是一个汉堡包或者一道猪扒。“你知道沃伦每天吃同样的东西都不会腻,这是他的本事。”施洛德表示。

  股神“被套”

  在近70年的投资生涯中,巴菲特曾经历过多场股灾,他总是敢于“在别人恐惧时贪婪,在别人贪婪时恐惧”。在最近的金融海啸中,巴菲特更是大举买入高盛和通用电气。

  但从短期来看,巴菲特本轮投资并不“明智”。2008年9月23日,巴菲特宣布购入高盛50亿美元的永久优先股,有权以每股115美元转换成普通股,当时高盛股价仍在123美元以上,但截至12月12日,高盛已跌到69.71美元,较巴菲特入股时暴跌了近43%;而其10月1日30亿美元买入的通用电气优先股,当时股价为24.50美元,但如今股价亦大幅回落到17.05美元,累计下跌了21%。

  其实对于本次“套牢”,巴菲特也早有思想准备,他曾坦言,他无法看对一天的行情,也无法看对一年的行情,就算伯克希尔?哈撒韦公司股票在某段时间下跌了50%,他亦不会关注,他只会将焦点放在业务的表现上。他告诫投资者,应把投资股票当事业看待,而不是财务投资或金融操作等行为,那么所选择的投资标的就会大为不同。

  纵观巴菲特的投资理念,也曾经历了从“雪茄屁股”到“伟大企业”的转变,很久以来巴菲特一直奉行“雪茄屁股”的理念,即寻找那些体质、规模不一定好、但股价相当便宜的公司,而在遇到其合伙人查理?孟格(Charlie Munger)后,巴菲特也开始寻找所谓的“伟大企业”(great business)来投资,就是体质健全、能长期经营的公司,不是老买那些便宜但体质不佳的公司。而这次巴菲特“抄底”高盛、通用电器,正是这种投资思路的体现,即寻找不太贵、却又有高价值的股票。

  不管怎么说,在巴菲特近70年的投资生涯中,这位奥马哈先知总是代表着“冷静思考和高标准,对胡说、愚蠢和荒唐所取得的胜利。”

  box:

  巴菲特十条致富锦囊妙计

  将利润再投资。

  与众不同,不要因为别人的所说所做影响了自己的决定。

  做决定不要拖泥带水。

  谈好价格。工作前需明确每一个细节??即使是为你的朋友或者亲戚。

  小钱能省则省。

  控制负债,在没有债务的情况下去积累财富并不断的投资。

  坚持不懈。

  懂得退出,要知道适时地退出可以避免更大的损失。

  做好风险评估,这样才能帮自己做出最聪明的抉择。

  了解成功真谛:钱财不是衡量成功的标志。78岁的巴菲特说:“当你到我的年龄,你就会觉得成功标准是:世界上有多少人会真正打心底爱你?”当然,最终的考验还是你是否活出了自己的人生。

  不为人知的一面

  自我怀疑:

  恐 惧:

  吝 啬:

  牛 排:

  女 性:

  在认识苏珊前,巴菲特毫无自信,甚至不敢站起身在公开场合发言。

  巴菲特无法面对任何人患上重病,他甚至无法在密友的葬礼上发言,因为他无法克服失去亲人所带来的痛苦和对死亡的恐惧。

  巴菲特曾是个“吝啬鬼”,并没有为他的妻儿或慈善机构提供很多钱,甚至连他的姐姐破产,他都拒绝伸出援手。

  巴菲特最爱吃的美食是一客29.9美元的牛排。

  巴菲特是个离不开女性陪伴的人。他需要有人给他做饭。如果没人照料,他连穿衣服都一团糟。

  火车头

  ??《滚雪球:巴菲特和他的财富人生》书摘

  文:[美]艾利斯?施罗德 设计:黄萍丽

  作为投资顾问,巴菲特可以合法地拥有100个合伙人而不需要在美国证券交易委员会登记。随着合伙公司的发展,他开始鼓励人们非正式地组成一个团队,然后再以一个单个投资者的身份加入进来。最终,他已经可以自己把人们放在一个资金池中以汇合他们的钱。后来他自己描述这样的战略时是持质疑的态度??不过这确实奏效。他对得到更多资金,挣更多钱的强迫驱使着他不断向前。巴菲特忙忙碌碌、火烧火燎,他往返纽约的频率堪称疯狂。他开始遭受和紧张相关的背痛之苦,当他坐飞机的时候病情就会加重,他用了各种办法和东西来减轻疼痛??除了待在家里。

  至此,他的名字已经像一个秘密一样传播。“和沃伦巴菲特一起投资会让你变富有。”可是现在规则已经改变了:到1960年,至少有8000美元才能跨入门槛,而且他再也不需要请求别人和他一起投资了,他们必须自己有这样的想法才行。人们不仅对他在干什么一无所知,而且他们还必须把自己放在那个位置上。这将他们转化为巴菲特的热衷者,并且减少了他们对他做的事情抱怨的机会。以前他是请别人帮忙,而现在是他给别人帮忙;如果人们要从合伙公司拿走钱会为此觉得亏欠。让别人开口请求使他心理上觉得被赋予了重任。在很多情况下,在他以后的人生中,他开始经常使用这个技巧。他一边得到了他想要的东西,而且这似乎也抚平了他一直以来因要对别人的命运负责而产生的恐惧。

  虽然不安全感和以前一样肆虐,可他的成功以及苏珊的关心和辅导已经让他有了改观。他开始显得有力量,而不是脆弱的。很多人高兴地请求他为他们投资。巴菲特于1961年5月16日成立了他的第11个,也是最后一个合伙公司:巴菲特-霍兰德(Buffett-Holland)。这个合伙公司是为迪克和玛丽?霍兰德而设。

  1959年,合伙公司的业绩表现高出市场6个百分点。1960年资产价值一跃而至将近190万美元,超过市场29个百分点。比单个年度的利润更让人印象深刻的是复合增长率。如果在第二个合伙公司,即巴菲特基金(Buffett Fund)里最初投资1000美元,4年以后,这1000美元变成了2407美元。而如果投资于道琼斯平均工业指数,只值1426美元。更重要的是,他获得较市场为高的回报同时,整体承担的风险也较少。

  巴菲特收取的费用经过再投资,到1960年底已经为他挣了243494美元。现在超过13%的合伙公司的财产属于他。虽然他在合伙公司的份额增加了,但他为合伙人们挣的钱也已经不单单是让他们感到高兴了;很多人对他怀着敬畏之心。

  在他们中间,Emdee合伙公司的合伙人比尔?安琪排在最前面。他努力让自己成为沃伦的“合伙人”,在巴菲特家房子的三楼建造了带有轨道的一整套巨大的火车模型,以前这里是个舞场,而现在它是巴菲特家的阁楼。在这个成年人内心深处的小男孩被唤醒了,每一个圣诞节他都在布兰迪斯商店徘徊,对那个他不可能拥有的巨大、神奇的火车模型充满了渴望。现在当安琪在为创造沃伦儿时的幻想而努力工作时,他就在一旁“监工”。

  火车填满了以前舞场的大部分空间。整个模型立在桩上,而过道在下面,这样就可以从里面观察这个立体模型。三辆火车头带着长长一串车厢沿着巨大的螺旋形轨道赛跑。他们路过村庄、穿过森林、消失在隧道里,又爬上大山,穿过山谷,按照标记停靠和起步,可是当巴菲特发动引擎时,火车却经常出轨足够让人心惊胆颤。

  带着迟来的儿童时代反射的熠熠光辉以及奥马哈的铁路史为之添色,火车变成了沃伦的图腾。他的孩子们被禁止接近。到现在,他对钱的痴迷以及对他家庭的一无所知还是朋友间的笑谈。“沃伦,那些是你的孩子们??你认出他们了,是吗?”人们会这样说。当他不出差的时候,人们会发现他在房子里漫步,鼻子几乎要埋到年报里去了。整个家庭围绕着他和他神圣的追求旋转??空闲、安静;穿着纤维睡衣翘起腿休息;在早餐桌旁,眼睛紧盯着《华尔街日报》。

  现在他复杂的王国拥有接近400万美元的资金、11个合伙公司、超过100个的投资者。这些所需要的簿记、金融、储蓄安全以及邮寄等工作已经变得几乎不能抵挡。令人惊讶的是,沃伦仍然自己处理钱和做所有职员的工作:申报税收、打字机上写字,把分红或者资本支票存起来,偶尔会停下来在业余时间咖啡馆吃一餐饭,把股票凭证塞进保险箱内。

  1962年1月1日,巴菲特把所有的合伙公司放进了一个单个的实体,巴菲特有限责任合伙公司(Buffett Partnership, Ltd.)即BPL。1961年合伙公司的投资回报率为46%,而道指同期只有22%。1962年初,新的BPL的净资产为720万美元。仅仅6年,他的合伙公司规模就超过了格雷厄姆-纽曼。

  就在搬进Kiewit Plaza之前,他雇佣了比尔?斯科特(Bill 斯科特)。后者是美国国家银行的信托管理人员。斯科特曾经读过沃伦的一篇关于一家不是很著名的保险公司的文章。他还参加了巴菲特的投资课程。然后,他说,“我要去巴结他直到我能在那得到一份工作。”巴菲特开始在星期天的早晨去斯科特的家,半路上把孩子丢在教堂,而他们两个讨论股票,最终巴菲特给了他一份工作。

  斯科特开始帮助巴菲特把钱引入合伙公司,快和两个年轻人拆信封的速度一样了。巴菲特第一次让他的母亲加入,还有斯科特、唐?丹利、玛吉?罗林??沃伦的桥牌搭档卢斯。罗林,甚至还有弗雷德?史坦贝克??他有家族生意所以迄今为止只和沃伦在特别的项目上合作过。而且第一次,他把他自己的钱投了进来??大约45万美元。经过6年的工作,他和苏珊在合伙公司的股份上升到超过100万美元,他们总共拥有BPL公司14%的股份。

  时间上的契合令人惊叹。1962年3月中旬,市场最终破裂,持续下滑到6月底。股票突然比他们在很多年来的价格便宜。巴菲特现在只有一个合伙公司,坐拥一大笔等待投资的现金。他的投资组合在这个低迷时期并未受损。??“和通常的较为常规的股票投资方法相比,显示出我们的方法风险相对更低。”他在给合伙人的信中写道。1962年第二季度,道指从723.5下滑到561.3,跌了23%。那一年的上半年,合伙公司支付合伙人红利之前的损失为7.5%,而同期道指损失21.7%??合伙公司的业绩表现高出14.2%。他通过股票在和别人竞赛,他经常这样解释格雷厄姆的思想,这是对格雷厄姆原始说法聪明地进行了再加工,“当其他人贪婪的时候你要胆怯,而当其他人胆怯的时候你要贪婪。”现在到了贪婪的时候了。

  (本文节选自《滚雪球:巴菲特和他的财富人生》第一部分)

  在施罗德女士这本厚达900多页的书中,我们能够学到许多经验教训……从失败中汲取经验十分重要……许多人会说:下一次沃伦?巴菲特警告危机来临时,我们最好洗耳恭听。

  ??《华尔街日报》

  《滚雪球》提供了以往从未有过的深度分析,让读者透视巴菲特的性格和人生,并浓缩了那些使其获得非凡成功和声誉的原则及理念。它向读者呈现了巨大的成功、卓越的领导力和慷慨的慈善家背后的巴菲特。本书记录了巴菲特的思想,其视角可以运用到生意中以及主导我们生活的日常决策中。

  ??《金融时报》

  巴菲特选择艾丽斯?施罗德为其作传真是明智之举,她具有高超的驾驭能力,纵横捭阖,收缩自如,将巴菲特的传奇故事娓娓道来,抽丝剥茧地梳理了他那盘根错节的商业帝国。施罗德女士不仅对巴菲特的传奇人生了如指掌,同时也敏锐把握到了他对当前经济危机的精确预见。

  ??《纽约时报》

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

发表于 2009-1-10 10:06:35 | 显示全部楼层
ETF与指数基金还是有区别的?<div>晕倒……</div><div>希望有朋友能够指点一下。</div>
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-10 15:03:51 | 显示全部楼层

yeahcao兄的IT知识这么丰富,这次怎么不求助一下Google或者百度?

呵呵,那我就用一篇2006年的新闻晨报文章解答你的问题吧:


投基有道:走进指数基金系列 之 ETF和传统指数基金
来源: 新闻晨报 发布时间:2006年11月29日 13:49 作者:艾暄

  即使选择的目标指数相同,指数基金也可能表现不同。这里先介绍指数基金的两个大类:ETF和传统指数基金。

  ETF中文名称为“交易型开放式指数基金”,它与传统的指数基金有很大区别。首先是交易方式。ETF与股票一样,只要有证券账户,就可随时买卖,交易价依市价实时变动。这里的市价,不同于基金的单位净值,但与净值相差不会太多。而传统指数基金和其他开放式基金相同,都是通过银行、券商、基金公司直销网点等方式申购赎回,进出的价格以当日基金单位净值为准。

  交易方式不同,导致交易成本也两样。传统指数基金每年需支付约1.5%管理费,较ETF的管理费(约0.3%-0.5%)高出不少;另外传统指数基金申购时需支付1%左右手续费,赎回时需支付0.5%左右手续费,而ETF的交易佣金最多不超过0.3%。ETF交易成本相对便宜。而基金管理方式的不同,则是造成追踪同样目标指数的ETF和传统指数基金业绩差别的主要原因。

  ETF属于“被动式管理”,ETF管理人不会主动选股,指数的成份股就是ETF持股对象。其重点不是打败指数,而是追踪指数。一只成功的ETF能尽可能与标的指数走势一模一样,即能“复制”指数,使投资人安心地赚取指数的报酬率。传统股票型基金则多属于“主动式管理”,一般持股的90%都是目标指数的样本股,基金经理会通过相对积极操作,达到基金报酬率超越目标指数的目的。所以同样追踪上证50指数,50ETF跟易方达50相比,净值走势跟该指数会更为接近。

  不同的管理方式各有利弊。相对而言ETF更好判断,只要看看目标指数,就知道它走得好不好。但如果想要打败指数,传统基金更有可能,但同样它也可能跑输指数。还有一点区别,就是ETF没法像传统基金一样通过银行定期定额投资。目前市场上追踪对象相同、但交易方式两样的仅有两对,除了50ETF和易方达50之外,就是深100ETF和融通100。

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-10 17:02:16 | 显示全部楼层

再来看看巴老第二次就《布法罗新闻》,向其员工给出全面被购条件。回想上个世纪七十年代末,巴老收购《布法罗新闻晚报》(旧名)后,展开艰苦的竞赛,成功挤垮对手,实现垄断布法罗城新闻媒体的愿望。如今却因整个行业不景气,步入衰退周期,而出手让人,不由得不感叹,什么叫永远持有,什么叫伟大的企业。


Buffett's Buffalo News offers second buyout round
Thu Jan 8, 2009 10:26pm GMT

By Robert MacMillan

NEW YORK, Jan 8 (Reuters) - Warren Buffett's daily newspaper, The Buffalo News, is offering buyouts to a third of its staff after many didn't take up a similar offer last year.

The western New York state paper, part of the Berkshire Hathaway Inc (BRKa.N)(BRKb.N) chief's empire, has identified 300 employees who are eligible for a buyout package. It is the second offer the paper has made in less than a year.

An offer last August went to 107 employees, or about 10 percent of its workforce.

The paper said at the time that it expected it might not meet that target -- and it was right.

Only about a dozen people went for it, News Senior Vice President Dottie Gallagher-Cohen told the paper.

This time, the paper does not expect 300 takers, she told Reuters. It does not have a specific target and would not accept 300 even if they all said yes, she said.

The company is offering the package to the same workers as last time, plus 200 more in various departments. Unlike before, some newsroom employees are eligible, Gallagher-Cohen said.

Employees who accept the latest offer will get at least $60,000, and the amount would rise based on the number of years of service and salary level. That is essentially the same as last time, Gallagher-Cohen said.

The News is a small part of Buffett's empire, which generates about half its business from insurance.

The paper is in much the same position as others in the United States. Most are suffering a steep drop in advertising, made only worse by the world financial crisis and a trickling away of readers to the Internet and other free news sources.

As a result, many are offering buyouts, firing staff and trying to sell land and other properties.

One of the largest, Tribune Co, has filed for bankruptcy. Others, such as The New York Times Co (NYT.N), Lee Enterprises (LEE.N) and McClatchy (MNI.N), are trying to pay off hundreds of millions of dollars in debt even as ad sales tumble.

(Reporting by Robert MacMillan; editing by Carol Bishopric and Ted Kerr)

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

发表于 2009-1-11 13:54:31 | 显示全部楼层
多谢指点。<div> </div><div>可是,您之前说:</div><div>

呵呵,周末无巴老新闻,就炒炒旧饭,今天来讨论一下ETF和传统指数基金的区别,不知道大家是否有ETF更贴紧指数,以及更低费率,从而表现优于传统指数基金的错觉?而巴老是建议后者的。

是否前后矛盾呢?

</div>
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-11 15:53:29 | 显示全部楼层

前后矛盾吗?

且先看看去年年末那位CFA仁兄的文章:

Theory vs. real life
理论和现实比较
But what about those other purported advantages of ETFs, namely tax efficiency and lower fees? Shouldn't those translate into a slight performance advantage over traditional index funds? Well, some research from Morningstar and The Wall Street Journal last year showed that when it comes to real-life returns, ETFs actually performed worse than index mutual funds.
然而那些所谓ETF基金具备税收效率和低费用的优点呢?难道这些不会转化成为其略胜传统指数基金的优势么?嗯,可从晨星和华尔街日报去年(07年)所做的一些研究表明,在现实回报中,ETF基金的表现实际上是逊于传统指数共同基金的。

Morningstar looked at several of the biggest and most popular index funds and ETFs in several different categories and found that, almost across the board, the biggest, lowest-cost index funds, such as those offered by Fidelity and Vanguard, outperformed the corresponding ETFs. In fact, the index funds outperformed in 34 of the 40 time periods studied, including all of the one-year, three-year, and 10-year after-tax categories. And this study didn't even take into consideration the commissions ETF investors incurred each time they trade their shares, which means that frequent traders may very likely be digging themselves into a greater hole compared with holders of traditional index funds.
晨星对好几家最大和最受欢迎的ETF基金和传统指数基金进行分类观察比较,结果发现,几乎所有分类中,那些最大和最低费用的指数基金,诸如那些由富达和先锋提供的(基金),均都表现优于其对应的ETF基金。事实上,在所研究的40个时间段中,指数基金领先34个,这包括所有1年、3年和10年税后分类。并且,这个研究甚至不考虑ETF基金的投资者们每次交易其基金所产生的手续费 - 而其意味着,与传统指数基金持有人相比,频繁的交易ETF将很有可能吃掉他们的大部分回报。

再来,看看06年新闻晨报的文章:

不同的管理方式各有利弊。相对而言ETF更好判断,只要看看目标指数,就知道它走得好不好。但如果想要打败指数,传统基金更有可能,但同样它也可能跑输指数。

至于巴老,其在07年建议,传统指数基金更适合大多数投资者,部分原因是因为投资者将有更少参与交易的压力。

最后,晨星和华尔街日报那篇报告原文,我找不到,但已贴了一篇Yahoo Finance女专栏作家的相关文章(紧跟CFA老兄文后),里面有不少相关研究数据,因时间有限,这里就不作译了。需要指出的是,这里所有研究和评论都是就国外市场,主要是美国而言。中国的,目前我还没有看到过类似研究(希望有的朋友,提供一下,以供参考)。所以,其研究结果是否就可以类推中国市场?这里没有肯定答案,仅供参考。

回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-14 01:32:19 | 显示全部楼层

这几日比亚迪联同华晨一起出席底特律北美车展,相信大家已通过国内外媒体熟知,这个论坛也有另一转贴跟踪巴老入股比亚迪事件:http://www.xxtz.com.cn/cgi-bin/xxbbs/bbsxp/ShowPost.asp?id=6122&topage=14


Warren Buffett-Backed Electric Car Makes Detroit Debut
Posted By: Alex Crippen

China's BYD Auto's e6 all-electric automobile made its Detroit debut today, with an assist from the chairman of Berkshire Hathaway subsidiary MidAmerican Energy Holdings.

MidAmerican and Warren Buffett made headlines last September, paying $230 million for a 10 percent stake in BYD.

CNBC's team at the Detroit Auto Show shot some video of the car, described by the manufacturer as a "mid-size five passenger crossover vehicle" with a range of about 250 miles on a single charge.

A shorter-range electric vehicle was introduced in China last month.

In a news release, BYD Chairman and President Wang Chuanfu is quoted as saying the company plans to sell both all-electric and hybrid vehicles in the U.S. starting in 2011. He also says BYD will set up manufacturing facilities in the U.S. "when it is appropriate."

MidAmerican Chairman David Sokol was also present at the Detroit show. His quote: "For the electric-vehicle market to mature, the underlying charging infrastructure and technologies must mature at least simultaneously, if not first. Perhaps like no other corporate entity in the world, we are in a position to help make that happen."

Current Berkshire stock prices:

Class A: [US;BRK.A 96150.0 1826.00 (+1.94%) ]

Class B: [US;BRK.B 3205.0 66.00 (+2.1%) ]

[此帖子已被 atcoolman 在 2009-1-14 1:34:29 编辑过]
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|徐星官网 ( 粤ICP备14047400号 )

粤公网安备 44030402005841号

GMT+8, 2025-1-16 10:14 , Processed in 0.023544 second(s), 12 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.4

Copyright © 2001-2021, Tencent Cloud.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表